Maghreb
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- "the peaceful - mass protest movement - in Algeria !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "protests - for real democracy - last months !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "at first the army was neutral - and the people respected this - but then was - Ahmed Gaid Salah !"
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- "huge crowds - have massed in the capital - to protest against !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "the election of - Abdelmadjid Tebboune ! - ( a former loyalist - of the deposed - Abdelaziz Bouteflika ! ) - ( military ! )"
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- "in a widely boycotted - poll - the demonstrators !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "demand - real democracy - working for the best - of the country !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "the peaceful mass protest movement - has mounted weekly demonstrations !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "forcing - Abdelaziz Bouteflika - to step down !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Tebboune - was described - the softest version - of this system !"
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- "in a televised debate - the first such broadcast event - in Algeria’s history !"
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- "the five candidates - faced 13 questions - the youngest was 56 !"
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- "mainly on the country’s - political - economic - and social situation !"
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- "corruption - and money laundering convictions - have landed !"
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- "two former - prime ministers - in jail - Ahmed Ouyahia - 15-years !"
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- "Abdelmalek Sellal - 12 years - and former cabinet ministers !"
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- "Youcef Yousfi - and Mahdjoub Bedda - have each been handed 10 years !"
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- "while businessmen - Ali Haddad - Ahmed Mazouz - Hassan Arbaoui !"
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- "and Mohamed Bairi - were each jailed for seven years !
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- "the protesters - want a transition to - real democracy !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "a country - that respects rights - and justice !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "and want the real problems - in the country - to be solved !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
Tunisia is democratic Success Story - Hamza Meddeb: LINK ¤ CARNEGIE
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- "Tunisia - is a democratic - success story - that is celebrated !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "but there are also - challenges - social - and elites !"
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- "analysts - very actively celebrate the - Tunisian - "success" !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "as a - "model" - the promotion of a - "bon élève démocratique" !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "there must not be - neoliberal - or depoliticizing assumptions !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "what Tunisians achieve - over the past years - is indeed extraordinary !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "the Tunisian National Constitutional Assembly - TNCA - has succeeded !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "in drafting - a new constitution - a unique experiment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "of collective deliberation - parliamentary - and presidential elections !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "are organized successfully - and these elections - effectively !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "and peacefully - bring about a period - of transition !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "and civil society - is extremely mobilized - and vigilant !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "with an impressive proliferation - of associations - artistic performances !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "and new media - these achievements - give reason for hope !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "but in social justice - and political pluralism - there should be more done !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "have not yet been achieved - in the way - they should !"
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- "there should be - more - political vision - and inclusive debates !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "on reforms - that are adapted - to the needs - and constraints - of the Tunisian society !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "strikes - demonstrations - and occupations of work places - have increased !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
- "members of the - health sector - teachers - railway workers !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "civil servants - have organized numerous protests - and strikes !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "for fair employment - and the sustainable development - of their region !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "oil companies - must not be installed - without endorsing any social - or environmental responsibility !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "second - the TNCA - is a truly pluralist - experiment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "it brings to the fore - a new - younger - more diverse !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "political class - with different backgrounds !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "moreover - it allows for the parties - and actors - to actually !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "resolve conflicts - through deliberation - and negotiation !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "but sometimes - there was conflict avoidance - rather than conflict resolution !"
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- "where compromise - was mutual cooptation - and neutralization - between the parties !"
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- "the politicians - must not "share the cake" - between themselves !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "or some persons - that would call themselves - elite !"
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- "third - there should be - no one-sided - geopolitical !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "and economic pressure - from foreign powers ! - ( economic - self - interests ! )"
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- "so that Tunisia - now can find - its own way !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "with a social compromise - between labor forces - and capital holders !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "who need to agree - on which structural reforms - should be adopted !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "and Tunisia's democracy - is in need - of more solidarity !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
ALGERIA - Wikipedia EN: LINK ¤ ALGERIA
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Algeria proposed constitutional Reforms - the Guardian: LINK ¤ the GUARDIAN
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- "Algeria’s government - has published two significant - draft constitutional !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "reforms - that seem intended - to send out a message to critics !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "of the country’s commitment - to democracy - the Algerian presidency !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "published plans - to restrict - serving presidents - to two terms of office !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "it also wants to make - Amazigh - spoken by the country’s indigenous !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Berber minority - an official language !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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Sarkozy's Trip to Algeria - US cable - 2007: LINK ¤ 07PARIS3237_________________________________________
- "at Sarkozy's first visit - outside Europe - to Algeria - and Tunisia !"
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- "he proposed a still vague - Mediterranean union initiative !"
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- "for Algerians - there were disagreements - over Sarkozy's refusal !"
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- "to atone publicly - for the behaviour - of France's past !"
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- "this meant no French - "repentance" - for past actions !"
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MOROCCO - Wikipedia EN: LINK ¤ MOROCCO_________________________________________
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"Moroccans - have approved - constitutional reforms - put forward !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"by King Mohammed VI - in response to the - pro-democracy protests !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"the turnout - was 72% - 98.5% of the people - voted in favour !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"these constitutional reforms - grant executive powers - to a prime minister !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"the concessions come - after protests - inspired by the Arab Spring !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"( but the king - head of state - the military - and the faith - in Morocco ! )"
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"the prime minister - to be chosen - from the largest party !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"elected to parliament - takes over as head - of the government !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"but many protesters - sought a full - constitutional monarchy !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Demonstrationen in Marokko - fordern weitreichende - politische Reformen !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "und rufen - "Würde - Freiheit - Soziale Gerechtigkeit" !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "bei dem Referendum - hatten mehr als 98 Prozent der Wähler - für die !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Verfassungsänderung gestimmt - die vom König Mohammed VI. - unter dem Eindruck !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "massiver Proteste - im ganzen Land - vorgelegt worden war !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "sie sieht eine teilweise - Machtverlagerung - auf den Ministerpräsidenten !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "und das Parlament - vor - sowie eine stärkere Unabhängigkeit - der Justiz !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
Marshallplan für Nordafrika - Daniel Bax - taz: LINK ¤ T A Z
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- "die EU hatte in der Vergangenheit - im Maghreb - gedrängt gehabt !"
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- "Märkte zu öffnen - und Einfuhrzölle zu senken !"
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- "wenn Italiens Außenminister - Frattini - nun von einem - "Marshallplan" !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "für Tunesien - spricht - dann geht es auch um - faire Handelsbedingungen !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
MAGHREB - Wikipedia EN: LINK ¤ MAGHREB
Maghreb - Map: LINK ¤ WIKIMEDIA