Egypt
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- "on 25 January 2011 - widespread protests began - against Mubarak !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "on 11 February 2011 - the too selfish - Hosni Mubarak !"
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- "resigned - and fled !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "jubilant celebrations broke out - in Cairo's Tahrir Square - and Egypt !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "a democratic - new beginning for Egypt - is possible !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "2011 - Egypt held its first - parliamentary election - for a longer time !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "2013 - massive protests - were organised across Egypt - against Morsi !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "from the Muslim Brotherhood - leading to the ousting - of Morsi !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "2014 - a new constitution - referendum 98.1% of voters were supportive !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Abdel Fatah al-Sisi - from the Egyptian army - was a candidate !"
the new Constitution in Egypt - al-Monitor: LINK ¤ AL-MONITOR
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- "Amr Moussa - the chairman of the Constituent Assembly - that drafted !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "the new Constitution - in Egypt - advised the !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "the Muslim Brotherhood - to join the ranks of the opposition !"
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- "Amr Moussa - said "we need a parliament - that can select a government" !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "the new government - must begin its work - by building Egypt !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "both economically - and socially - the new Constitution ensures !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "three important things - rights - freedoms - and citizens' interests !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "relating to - education - health - and the environment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "the Brotherhood - had suggested that civilians - would be tried !"
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- "in military courts - for anything that would harm - the armed forces !"
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- "the final text - of the constitution - specified - that !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "civilians - could only be tried in military courts !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "in cases - where soldiers - were performing - their official duties !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "the new constitution - opens the door - to public freedoms !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "and does not exclude - any citizen - it stresses the !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "existing freedoms - of belief - opinion - and thought !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "and guarantees freedom - of scientific research - and artistic creativity !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "al-Sisi - has a constitutional framework - that he must work within !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "that is a term - of four years - and he only has the right to run - for one more term !"
Interview with Amr Moussa - 2012: LINK ¤ SPIEGEL ONLINE
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- "thousands of protesters - again took to the streets - in protest !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "against Morsi - and his decree - would grant power - for himself !"
- "this was a crisis - of Morsi - and the Muslim Brotherhood !"
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- "Morsi issued - a constitutional decree - out of the blue !"
- "Amr Moussa - said "we have to guard - against such a situation" !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "we must defend - democracy - there must not be !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "a danger - to the process of democratization - in Egypt !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
Interview with Amr Moussa - 2011: LINK ¤ TELEGRAPH
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- "as the favourite candidate - in the presidential elections !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Amr Moussa - sets out his vision - for Egypt's future !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "there is a lot to do - in Egypt - informal housing reducing !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "bettered the villages - services - education - and health !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "it is to build - with an agenda of democracy !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
- "reform - and sustainable development !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "democracy means - basic rights - fundamental freedoms !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "and security for all - modernise the infrastructure !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "building sewage - and electricity systems !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "with the capacity - to fix them - when things go wrong !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Telegraph: - "did you privately dislike - Mubarak" ?!"
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- "it was mainly work - but Mubarak went through - several periods !"
- "and his last - was the real catastrophe !"
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- "when he planned his son - Gamal - that was the end - of his decline !"
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- "on the 19th January 2011 - he warned him !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "that the situation - with the protests - was very serious !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
Arab League Chief Amr Moussa - 2011: LINK ¤ POMED
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- "the important question - was not - "who will run for president" ?!"
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- "but what do - citizens - demand - from the president ?!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "this project - must aspire to a - cultural radiation !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "a just - social system !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "and a - sustainable economy - able to meet !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "the demands - of the citizens !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
Egypt Report - BBC: LINK ¤ B B C
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- "a popular uprising - ousted Hosni Mubarak !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "these protests - raise hopes - for democratic reform !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "there should be more - equality - in Egypt !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "there should be more - democracy !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "and there should be more - social justice !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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Journalists defend Freedom of Expression - the Guardian: LINK ¤ the GUARDIAN_________________________________________
- "several hundred - Egyptian journalists - have rejected !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "a declaration - by newspaper editors - that would have banned !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "criticism of the - police - army - and judiciary - in their publications !"
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- "al-Sisi - any street demonstration - without prior police permission !"
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- "Khaled el-Balshi - of the Journalists’ Union - said !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "newspapers - must not speak - with one voice !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "there must not be a - one-voiced - media !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "there must be - diversity - in the media !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "this are freedoms - the Egyptians won - when they rose up - against Mubarak !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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Human Rights Groups - the Guardian: LINK ¤ the GUARDIAN_________________________________________
- "after a fierce international backlash - the deadline for the NGO law - was delayed !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Mohamed Zaree - Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies - CIHRS !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "said - it is about the - public sphere !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "and it is about the voices - calling for accountability !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "in 2002 - NGOs - in Egypt had been regulated - by a law !"
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- "that oversaw - and vetod each project - that an NGO - carried out !"
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- "to circumvent this legislation - many NGOs registered - as law firms !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "al-Sisi - a ministry ordered groups - to re-register !"
- "under the 2002 law - within 45 days !"
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- "Amnesty's deputy director - for the Middle East - said !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "it was about those - that were critical - of the government !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "human rights groups - are a significant source !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "of accountability - to the government !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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Fuel Price Rise - the Guardian: LINK ¤ the GUARDIAN_________________________________________
- "al-Sisi - fuel price rise - of 78% !"
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- "part of a broader swath - of price increases - also food prices !"
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- "Cairo's taxi - and microbus drivers - have staged protests !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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Aid for democratic Change - the Guardian: LINK ¤ the GUARDIAN_________________________________________
- "the USA - released US$ 250m - in aid !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "to support Egypt's - future as a - democracy !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "US Secretary of State - John Kerry - announced US$ 60m !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "for a new fund - for "direct support - of key engines !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "of democratic change - there is a need - to strengthen !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "human rights protections - justice !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "and the rule of law - opportunities for the future !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
US Trade - US cable - 2009: LINK ¤ 09CAIRO2237
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- "the US embassy had lobbied - Mubarak !"
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- "gradually liberalize - his trade regime !"
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- "the goods trade surplus - with Egypt had been - US$ 3.6 billion !"
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- "goods exports to Egypt - had been US$ 6.0 billion - up 12.8 percent !"
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- "imports from Egypt - had been down - 0.3 percent !"
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- "the US embassy had lobbied - Egypt !"
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- "deepening bilateral trade - and investment - increased exports to Egypt !"
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- "qualifying industrial zones - QIZ - free trade zones !"
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- "reduced - non-tariff trade barriers - particularly in agricultural products !"
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- "the strategy by the US embassy - had included - gathering Egypt stakeholders !"
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- "offered technical assistance - and visits by high-level officials !"
Financial Sector - US cable - 2009: LINK ¤ 09CAIRO1309
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- "the US embassy had lobbied - more open Egypt's !"
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- "financial sector - to the global financial system !"
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- "USAID - had helped design - the Egyptian Financial Supervisory Authority !"
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- "the company Bechtel - looked like had - overplayed their hand !"
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- "their negotiating tactics - were not as effective - as they intended !"
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- "the Egyptian - Nuclear Power Plants Authority - NPPA !"
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- "Bechtel power corporation - a 10-year contract - worth US$ 188 million !"
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- "to consult on - and help design - a nuclear power plant !"
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- "the issue of - insurance liability - Bechtel wanted - limited liability !"
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- "Egypt wanted - no ceiling - on liability !"
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- "both sides agreed - on a "sub cap" - of US$ 200 million !"
Foreign Minister Gheit - US cable - 2009: LINK ¤ 09STATE14421
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- "foreign minister - Aboul Gheit - met for the first time !"
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- "secretary - Clinton - and hoped that the !"
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- ""very difficult" - eight-year period - before - was over !"
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- "the US embassy wrote - Egypt's military considered !"
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- "the US$ 1.3 billion - in annual FMF !"
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- "foreign military financing - of defence equipment !"
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- "as untouchable compensation - for making peace with Israel !"
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- "US military - the Suez Canal - and the Egyptian - airspace !"
April 6 Movement - US cable - 2009: LINK ¤ 09CAIRO1464
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- ""April 6" - is a movement - which long advocated - replacing Mubarak !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "through a - peaceful transition - to democracy !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "for a weaker Egyptian presidency - and an empowered - Egyptian parliament !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "the movement - organized a successful strike - in Cairo on April 6 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "protested - price increases - and political - and economic conditions !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Egyptian authorities - had tried prevent group - staging public demonstrations !"
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- "civil society activists - discussed - democratic reform !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "in Egypt - Hisham Kassem - Egyptian Organization for Human Rights !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "called for establishing an - independent judiciary !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "a credible independent - news media !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "and a more effective - parliament - Bahey Al-Din Hassan !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "from the Cairo Institute - for Human Rights - said !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "human rights movements - are growing - throughout the region !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
Transfer - US cable - 2009: LINK ¤ 09CAIRO1468
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- "the NDP party - insider - from the Mubarak party !"
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- "former minister - Dr. Ali El Deen Hilal Dessouki - said !"
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- "Egyptian military - and security services - would ensure !"
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- "a smooth transfer - with no Mubarak - even to a civilian !"
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- "but mentioned - Egyptian military - "corporate interests" !"
El Baradei - US cable - 2009: LINK ¤ 09CAIRO2279
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- "former chairman of the IAEA - Mohammed El Baradei's - statement !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "outlined hîs - "built-in conditions - for a free - and fair election" !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Egypt needed - a new - and "neutral" - election commission !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "full judicial supervision - of the elections - international monitoring !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "and equal access - to state media - for all candidates !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Egypt’s bloggers - were playing an increasingly - important role !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "in broadening the scope - of political - and social discourse !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
Housing - US cable - 2009: LINK ¤ 09CAIRO417
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- "in Cairo - informal housing - should be redced !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Cairo - high end housing - five percent !"
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- "housing shortage - low and middle-income !"
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- "unregulated - informal housing - periphery !"
Goldstone Report - US cable - 2009: LINK ¤ 09CAIRO1997
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- "human rights contacts - expressed their deep disappointment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "of the US embassy position - on the Goldstone Report - UN Gaza report !"
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- "Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights - executive director !"
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- "Hossam Bahgat - said its position on the report - was unfortunate !"
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- "it could be a tool - to pressure Israel - into negotiations !"
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- "international justice - must not be undermined !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Mubarak - was described as a - realist - innately cautious !"
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- "conservative - that had little time for - idealistic goals !"
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- "Mubarak viewed - Bush - as naive - controlled by subordinates !"
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- "and totally unprepared - for dealing with - post-Saddam Iraq !"
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ägyptische Zivilgesellschaft - der Standard: LINK ¤ der STANDARD_________________________________________
- "al-Sisi - hatte ein NGO-Gesetz geplant - aus der Mubarak-Zeit !"
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- "und ein Demonstrationsgesetz - betroffen wären vor allem - NGOs !"
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- "die sich mit der Lage - der Menschenrechte befassten !"
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- "es darf keine Einschränkungen - der Rede - und Meinungsfreiheit - geben !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "die Zivilgesellschaft - darf nicht eingeschränkt werden !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "der ex-Generalsekretär der Arabischen Liga - Amr Moussa !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "nennt den - arabischen Umbruch - unumkehrbar !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "der Wandel - in der arabischen Welt - ist das Gebot der Stunde !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "wobei es in Richtung dessen geht - was in Europa !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "als Demokratie - bezeichnet wird !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "und man sollte langfristige Lösungen - finden - für die Palästinenser !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
EGYPT - Wikipedia EN: LINK ¤ EGYPT
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Maṣr - Wikipedia ARZ: LINK ¤ MASR
Egypt - Map: LINK ¤ WIKIMEDIA