America
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Canadian Opinion of the USA - US cable - 2003: LINK ¤ 03OTTAWA723
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- "only 25 percent of Canadians believe - that US foreign policy - "considers others" !"
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- "when making international - policy decisions !"
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- "Canadians are also critical of the USA - in the economic sphere !"
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- "56 percent dislike - "US ideas about business practices !""
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- "68 percent believe - that the US should do more !"
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- "to reduce the gap - between richer - and poorer countries !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
new Foreign Policy Tone - US cable - 2009: LINK ¤ 09OTTAWA634
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- "a national columnist on the new Barack Obama - and the new foreign policy !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "it is hugely important for Canadians - to set a new tone !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "you could not underestimate that - because Bush's one-sided - rhetoric !"
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- "off - for us - or against us !"
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- "went over very badly - in Canada !"
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- "many also give strong praise - to Barack Obama's - Cairo speech !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "it is widely - and favorably - noted in Canada !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "most participants express a keen desire - to understand better !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "what Hillary Clinton means by the - "new global architecture" !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
Canadian Banks weathering the global Financial Crisis - US cable - 2008: LINK ¤ 08TORONTO66
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- "the Canadian banks are weathering - the global financial crisis !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "the IMF reports - that Canada's banking system is developed !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "and is well-positioned - to withstand a broad range of shocks !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "including turmoil stemming from the - US sub-prime mortgage meltdown !"
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Canada's economic Health - US cable - 2008: LINK ¤ 08OTTAWA1372_________________________________________
- "Canada's macroeconomic indicators - are largely healthy !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "in spite of the - global financial crisis !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Canada's history of cautious - highly-regulated financial operations !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "now shields the country - and looks - "prescient" !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "among a host of different reserve - and capital base requirements !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Canada never separated investment banks - from retail banking operations !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "and thus all brokerages - are part of the retail banks !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "this means that even investment - and brokerage operations !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "must meet the regulatory requirements - pertaining to retail banking operations !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
Green Shift Carbon Tax - US cable - 2008: LINK ¤ 08OTTAWA833
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- "party leader Stephane Dion deliberately portrays the plan - not only a carbon tax !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "but a fundamental shift - or "fiscal reform" - of the Canadian tax system !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "dovetailing the Green shift - with an anti-poverty plan !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Canadians will pay - differently !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Canadians are ahead - of their politicians !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "are looking for leadership - on climate protection !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "and are "ready to do the right thing" - for the environment - and for the economy !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "the carbon tax is applied - at the wholesale level - on all fossil fuels !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "based on their level - of emissions !"
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- "the tax is set at US$ 10 per ton - of "greenhouse gas emissions" !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "rising to US$ 40 per ton - in the fourth year !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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IPCC Report - US cable - 2007: LINK ¤ 07OTTAWA639_________________________________________
- "in reaction to the IPCC - UN climate report !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Canada's new government recognizes - that leadership on this issue !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "means real action - must begin at home !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "we also realize - that for the global community - to make real progress - on climate protection !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "governments - companies - and citizens from around the world - have to work together !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "and we must do so - now !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
Regulatory Framework for the Reduction of Emissions - US cable - 2007: LINK ¤ 07OTTAWA795
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- "the greenhouse gases - GHG - plan's targets force significant action - by Canada's sectors !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "mandatory targets require industry - to reduce the intensity of GHG emissions - by 18 percent !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "from levels by 2010 - and a further 2 percent annually - thereafter !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "effective international cooperation - on climate protection !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "means that all countries - do their part - to reduce emissions !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
California Greenhouse Gas Law - US cable - 2006: LINK ¤ 06BRASILIA2150
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- "California Governor - Arnold Schwarzenegger - signs a law !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "to reduce the state's - greenhouse gas emissions !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "we have begun a bold new era - of environmental protection - in California !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "that will change - the course of history !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "California reduces its emissions - to 1990 levels !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "a cut of - 25 percent !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
WTO Hong Kong - US cable - 2005: LINK ¤ 05OTTAWA3747
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"in the WTO negotiations - World Trade Organization - Doha Round !"
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"the manufacturers would have preferred - a more ambitious result ! - ( on industrial tariffs - in developed and emerging countries )"
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"business leaders would have preferred - reduced barriers on industrial goods !"
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"a development NGO wrote - "while the commitment - to end agricultural export subsidies !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!""
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"was a welcome achievement - because it will make it fairer !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"in developing countries - with no too cheap imports !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"the problem was that there was no real movement - on domestic subsidies !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"developing countries - need more domestic subsidies - to reduce poverty !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"in the G-20 meeting - in London - about the global financial crisis !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"no Canadian bank - other than US banks - is anywhere near collapse !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"Canada's regulatory oversight - has strict reserve - and capital requirements !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"and Canadian banks - are well-capitalized !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"in general terms - Canada wants to better regulate - the international financial system !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"and create - greater transparency !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"it believes that the structures - including the International Monetary Fund - IMF !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"could and should be put - to better use !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"Finance Minister Flaherty reiterates - five necessary steps - that have to be taken globally !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"regulating all pools of capital - that rely on leverage !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"making sure the transparency requirements - are in place !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"those transparency requirements - are the price of admission - to the global markets !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"creating capital - and liquidity buffers - large enough !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"to handle shocks - with strong balance sheets - similar to the Canadian system !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"ensuring regulation looks - at the system as a whole !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"not just - individual institutions !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"making market infrastructure - more transparent - and resilient !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"and strengthening international cooperation - review - and surveillance !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "to create a better second line - of defence !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Bank of Canada Governor Carney has stated - that US banks !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"should bring their asset-to-capital ratio - leverage ratio !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"to the 20-to-1 levels - of Canadian banks !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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"( lending - for every US$ 20 in assets - there is US$ 1 in capital !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! )"
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"( the US banks had up to high risky - 40-to-1 - levels !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! )"
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- "the US financial crisis - was the result of human action - and inaction !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "the financial companies - and the public stewards - of the financial system !"
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- "ignored warnings - and failed to question - understand - and manage evolving risks !"
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- "deregulation - and the so-called self-regulation by financial institutions !"
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- "championed for example by former - Federal Reserve chairman - Alan Greenspan ! - ( and financial companies - had lobbied for it ! )"
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- "had stripped away - key safeguards !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "which would have helped avoid - financial catastrophe !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "and there were gaps in oversight - in the shadow banking system !"
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- "and in the over-the-counter derivatives - markets !"
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- "with better regulation - the financial crisis - could have been avoided !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "the five investment banks - Bear Stearns - Goldman Sachs !"
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- "Lehman Brothers - Merrill Lynch - and Morgan Stanley !"
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- "were operating - with extraordinarily thin capital !"
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- "their leverage ratios - were as high as - 40 to 1 !"
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- "meaning for every US$ 40 in assets - there was only US$ 1 in capital - to cover losses !"
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- "which was very risky - and brought them - near collapse !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Lehman Brothers - collapsed !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "the repo lending market - off-balance-sheet entities !"
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- "and over-the-counter derivatives - must be regulated !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "they must not be - hidden from view !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "we need protections - constructed to prevent - financial meltdowns !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "we need new 21st-century - safeguards - for the financial system !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "( and not 19th-century - safeguards !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! )"
AMERICA - Wikipedia EN: LINK ¤ AMERICA
Americas - Map: LINK ¤ WIKIMEDIA