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Democratizing the Financial Markets - ATTAC: LINK ¤ ATTAC

 

• "possibilities - to prevent - a further financial crisis !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "which should be seen - in a larger context !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "the more - global regulation - the better it is !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "there must not be - market radicalism - also on the plane of the - financial markets !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "markets - need rules - financial markets - need rules !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "to avoid crises - and safeguard - the interests - of the general public !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "for a system - with democratic - and effectively regulated - financial markets !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "speculation - must be muffled - therefore far-reaching reforms - should be carried out !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "for example - strengthening international cooperation - and regulating !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

• "actors - and products - combined with measures - to protect the environment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "especially the - atmosphere - social spending - and education !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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• "there are different - possibilities - of getting the financial market - actors !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "to pay - capital income - should be subject to a - high uniform !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "and progressive taxation - special tax on assets - to finance measures !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

• "public funds - should be used - for investment programs !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "and raising the - top tax rate - for the top 1% !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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• "global - financial market - monitoring - for the actors on the financial markets !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "there should be adequate - international reporting - duty !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

• "national audits - are important - but not enough !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "there should be a - global - financial market - monitoring authority !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "for controlling - actors - and products !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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• "regulation - of investment funds - hedge funds - stability risk !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! - ( enormous credits ! )"

 

 

 

 

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• "the classic speculative - business activity - of hedge funds !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "should be - strictly regulated !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "private-equity funds - shares of businesses - capital of investors - often with credit !"

 

 

 

 

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• "short-term profitability - or drew money out - of the firm !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "investment funds - speculative businesses - tax havens !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "global funds - can be regulated effectively - on the international plane !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "strict internationally-standardized - regulation - of hedge !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "and private-equity funds - with democratic controls !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "regulations - on internal capital holdings - and taxation on profits !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "legal disclosure - of ownership structures - origin of funds !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "investment focal points - risk-management models - profits - risks !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "as well as the - incentive-structure of management !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "and liability - for misleading information !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "for risky -  investment strategies - like short-selling - OTC-businesses !"

 

 

 

 

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• "it should be made harder - or be prohibited !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "strict capital requirements - should be in effect - to banks !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "for grants - to investment funds !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "funds - licensed in tax havens - should be denied access - to the market !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

• "realized profits - of funds - must be subject - to the investment tax !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "and financial promotion - of small - and medium-sized - businesses !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "by strengthening - classical financing sources - is sensible !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "technology promotion - like renewable energy !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "should flow directly - to innovative businesses !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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• "regulation of derivatives - securities - underlying asset !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "for example - stock index - raw materials - horse race ! - ( bet - on future price changes ! )"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "current - and new - derivatives - coming on the market !"

 

 

 

 

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• "should be scrutinized - and if necessary - prohibited !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "or not allowed - by a public authority !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• ""over the counter" - OTC - should be prohibited !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "( two business partners - agreed bilaterally on a deal ! )"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "therefore there should be a - registration - of derivatives !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "and there should be a - taxation - of trade - with derivatives !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

• "for example - through a - financial transactions tax !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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• "reducing of tax havens - units should not be subject - to the regulations !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "of tax havens - and not to the laws - of the land - where the business activity - took place !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "banks - investors - shadow banking - outside from balance sheets !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "therefore - tax havens - should be closed !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "closing tax havens - would only be a question - of political will !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "and can be shut down - through political pressure !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! - ( protectorates ! )"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "with non-cooperation - of the tax havens - the turnover - of capital !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

• "in - and from these countries - can be restricted !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "licenses - could be withdrawn - from corporations - and banks !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "that maintain - mailbox branch offices - in tax havens !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

• "economic sanctions - against tax havens - and stronger prosecution - of tax evasion !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "and an - automatic global - information exchange !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "between - tax havens - and countries of origin !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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• "general financial transactions tax - to reduce short-term - speculation !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "on financial markets - and reduce volatility - uncertainty - and instability !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• ""herd conduct" - financial investments - instead of real investments !"

 

 

 

 

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• ""arbitrage" - sums moved in short time periods - from one investment firm - to another !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "short-term trade - technical "trading systems" - and trade - through computer systems !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "a tax - with a microscopic - tax rate - on financial transactions !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "makes many of - short-term speculation - unprofitable !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "the introduction - of a general - financial transactions tax !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "can be worldwide - including derivatives - stocks - and currency trade !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "derivatives - with greater leverage - should be taxed higher !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "the tax rate - should be at least between - 0.1% - and 0.01% !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "primary use - of tax revenues - for the public !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "for the climate - and to fulfill the millennium - development goals !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

• "rating agencies - have the task - of evaluating securities - and borrowers !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "they should provide - objective estimates - on the credit-worthiness - of debtors !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "market actors - must be able - to rely - on their judgment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "private rating agencies - customers’ desires - paid by those - whom they evaluate !"

 

 

 

 

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• "rated the risky - "mortgage-backed securities" - as safe !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "therefore - public agencies - independent of profit interests !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "could be created - that carry out - the rating - of actors - and products !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "and there should be a - "registration" - of new products - like derivatives !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

• "banking sector - banks - have a function for the real economy !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "therefore private banks - should be good controlled !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "Europe - has a partly cooperatively - organized house banking system !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "the goal - of an alternative capital market - offensive - should be a public !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "small-scale - and cooperative - house banking system !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

• "with inexpensive credit - to "real" - investing businesses !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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• "shareholder value - stock options - for managers - should be prohibited !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "to avoid financial incentives - to short-term business policy !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

• "shareholder voting rights - should be coupled - to the time stocks !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "are held - to minimize - the influence - of short-term interests !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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• "equality - distribution - from top - to bottom !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "has economic advantages - strengthening the purchasing power - of low-income groups !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "stimulates the economy - investments in the real economy - are more attractive !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "compared to investments - in the financial economy - all capital income !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

• "asset-related - income - profit income - should be taxed equally !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "and progressively - property taxes - like inheritance and gift taxes !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "should be introduced - and lower wages - should rise !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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• "international financial architecture - the International Monetary Fund - IMF !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "should be transformed - into a - "World Central Bank"  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "supplying liquidity - stabilizing exchange rates - and functioning as the !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• ""last creditor" - the World Bank - and the IMF !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "should be subject - to a democratized UN !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Financial System - US cable - 2009: LINK ¤ 09TOKYO2060

• "Mainichi - Japan - wrote "curbing the salaries - of financial institutions"  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "is not enough - the G20 should focus - on how to make the transition !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "to a new - financial system - that contributes - to the society !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

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US Plan - US cable - 2009: LINK ¤ 09BERLIN344

 

• "Sueddeutsche - wrote "after listening to - Geithner's plan"  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

• "the listeners - immediately came up - with one question - if everything !"

 

 

 

 

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• "was so simple - why had thus far - no one come up - with this idea ?!"

 

 

 

 

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• "the answer - because at least - one of the actors !"

 

 

 

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• "will lose - namely the state of the USA !"

 

 

 

 

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• "state guarantees - to finance the purchase - shouldered by the US people !"

 

 

 

 

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• "there is a - radical alternative - the investors - should make !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "greater sacrifices - this would be much fairer - than the Geithner's plan !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

• "Financial Times - wrote "the great irony - of Geithner's plan"  !"

 

 

 

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• "was that he - wanted to use instruments - that were responsible !"

 

 

 

 

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• "for so many financial problems - private investors !"

 

 

 

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• "must not get - the possibility - to speculate - with taxpayers' money !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

US Financial Crisis - US cable - 2008: LINK ¤ 08BERLIN1529

 

• "Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung - wrote "the time - for politicians"  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "has come - to give the - global finance sector !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "a new structure - it is necessary - to create !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "a global framework - of rules !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

US Financial Crisis - US cable - 2009: LINK ¤ 09SAOPAULO145

 

• "O Estado de S. Paulo - Opportunity - wrote "the US financial crisis"  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "demands important reforms - in the world economy !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "and opens - therefore - opportunities !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "to build a new - economy - with a more solid basis !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "while the financial crisis - was artificial ! - ( speculators - irresponsible bankers ! )"

 

 

 

 

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• "the challenge - for renewable energy - is real !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "and will only be solved - with better technologies !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

US Financial Crisis - US cable - 2008: LINK ¤ 08SAOPAULO636

 

• "Valor Economico - wrote "what one can affirm - and without great risk"  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "is that - capitalism - will never be the same !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "among the changes - will be - a strict regulation - of the financial sector !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "and controlling abuses - of bank executives !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "rules - should be created - to avoid that !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "and with - justifiable measures - intended to correct - the financial system !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

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US Financial Crisis - US cable - 2009: LINK ¤ 09SAOPAULO71

 

• "O Estado de S.Paulo - financial regulations - wrote !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

• "governments - need to act !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

• "we have to increase - financial regulations - globally !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "and protect the - environment - globally !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

US Financial Crisis - US cable - 2008: LINK ¤ 08SAOPAULO607

 

• "Valor Economico - new deal - wrote "the minimum"  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "platform - to be used - should be a - "New Deal"  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "balancing - the economy - from the base !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "through public spending - in infrastructure - and public policies - to activate jobs !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "the new paradigm - therefore is !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "that of - cooperation - among peoples - and nations !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FINANCIAL MARKET - Wikipedia EN: LINK ¤ FINANCIAL MARKET