MISSEDLINK

Yellowhammer

Yellowhammer

Yellowhammer

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• "BirdLife International - is a global partnership !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "of conservation organisations - with over 120 - partner organisations !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "that conserves - constructive - farmlandbirds !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "their habitats - and global biodiversity !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "BirdLife - is driven by its belief - that !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "local people - working for the environment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "in their - own places - but connected nationally !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "and internationally - through their global partnership !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "are a key - to sustaining life - on this planet !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "this - local-to-global approach - delivers high impact !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "and - long-term conservation - for the benefit !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "of people - and the environment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "things - that help - farmlandbirds !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "less - monocropping !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "less - pesticides !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "less - noise !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "more - biodiversity !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "more - mixed plants !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "more - mixed landscapes !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "more - wildflower meadows !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "mixed trees - in forests !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "spaces - where natural - and cultural - landscapes - meet !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "transitions - from trees - to plants - to meadows - to human structures !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "a small - structured - open space !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "with different plants - in human settlements !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "many farmlandbirds - are able to foresee !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "changes of the weather - for the next day !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "migratorybirds - are able to - directly find !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "their way - to their second - home !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "scientific tests show - that ravens are able - to recognize !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "a single human person - to remember it - and to single it out !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "when pictures - of different human persons - are shown !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "there are completely different - constructive farmlandbirds !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "in a diversity - that can repeatedly - surprise one !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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Yellowhammer

Yellowhammer

Yellowhammer

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• "the numerous family - "Emberizidae" - belongs to the - specialbirds !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "emberizidae - are often found in - smaller trees - and bushes !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "emberizidae are living - in the whole world - often in Eurasia !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "many European ones - remain in the breeding range - year-round !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "the yellowhammer - "Emberiza citrinella" - is part of this family !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "the male yellowhammer - has a bright yellow head - streaked brown back !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "chestnut rump - and yellow underparts - the yellowhammer is common !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "in open areas - with scrubs - or trees - and often forms flocks !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "the yellowhammer has a preference - for a range of vegetation types - and trees !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "from which to sing - his songs - his diet is mainly seeds !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "when not breeding - yellowhammers forage in - flocks - of more than hundreds !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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Dove

Wood Pigeon

Pigeon

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• "the pigeons - and the doves - belong to the - specialbirds !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "pigeons and doves - are often found near the - human culture !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "their numerous families - constitute the clade - "Columbidae" - that includes more than 300 species !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "the pigeons and doves - are living everywhere - on Earth !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "they have a large natural distribution - from Ireland - across Europe !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "central Asia - east Asia - to northern Africa - also in urban areas !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "the wings of pigeons and doves - are large - and have low wing loadings !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "they have strong wing muscles - and are strong fliers !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "they are - highly manoeuvrable - in flight !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

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• "seeds - and fruit - form the major component of their diet !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Swallow

Swallow

Swallow

 

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Swallow - Wikipedia EN: LINK ¤ SWALLOW

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• "the swallows - and the martins - belong to the - specialbirds !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "swallows and martins - are often found near - farms !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "their families - constitute the clade - "Hirundinidae"  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "swallows and martins - have a cosmopolitan distribution - across the world !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "they are living in whole Europe - and Africa - and have a great diversity !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "for the most part swallows - are insectivorous - taking flying insects on the wing !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "a number of species are - long-distance migrant - swallows have a slender !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "streamlined body - and long pointed wings - which allow great maneuverability !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "and endurance - as well as frequent periods - of gliding !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "their body shape - allows for very efficient - flight !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "they are - highly manoeuvrable - in flight - and can be found !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "in any open habitat - including grasslands - and open woodland !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "many species inhabit - human-altered landscapes - including agricultural land !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Common Swift

Common Swift

Common Swift

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Common Swift - Wikipedia EN: LINK ¤ COMMON SWIFT

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• "the common swift - "Apus apus" - belongs to the - specialbirds !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "common swifts - are often found near - towers - and churches !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "they are medium-sized - are living in Eurasia - and migrate to Africa !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "by a variety of routes - swifts often form - "screaming parties" - during summer evenings !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "where they can be heard very clearly - when 10-20 swifts - gather in flight !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "around their nesting area - calling out - and being answered by swifts !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "larger parties - are formed at higher altitudes - swifts are a master - of the flight !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "they spend their lives - in the air - living on the insects - caught in flight !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

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• "swifts - drink - feed - and sleep - on the wing !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Crow

Crow

Crow

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Crow - Wikipedia EN: LINK ¤ CROW

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• "the crows - and the ravens - belong to the - specialbirds !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "crows and ravens - are often found continuously - throughout wider ranges of regions !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "their families - constitute the clade - "Corvidae" - with 40 members !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "crows and ravens - are living on all temperate continents - in Europe the - "carrion crow"  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "some of their many vocalizations - are a - "koww" - usually echoed back and forth - between them !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "crows are - social - and show remarkable examples of - intelligence !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "they have been found to engage in feats - such as tool use - episodic-like memory !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "and the ability - to use individual experience - in predicting the behavior - of environmental conspecifics !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

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• "they are also capable of - displacement - communicating about things - in a different location !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Gull

Gull

Gull

 

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Gull - Wikipedia EN: LINK ¤ GULL

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• "the gulls - and the seagulls - belong to the - specialbirds !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "gulls and seagulls - are often found in the near of the - above - or in the - sea !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "their numerous families - constitute the clade - "Laridae"  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "the gulls have a - worldwide cosmopolitan distribution !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "they are medium to large - grey or white - often with black markings on the head - or wings !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "gulls typically have harsh wailing - or squawking calls - stout - longish bills - and webbed feet !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "they are typically coastal - or inland species - but also venturing far out - to sea !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "gulls are - resourceful - inquisitive - and intelligent - demonstrating !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "complex methods of - communication - and a highly developed - social structure !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "gulls have long wings - age recorded - 49 years !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "their morphology - allows for equal adeptness in - swimming - flying - and walking !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Woodpecker - Wikipedia EN: LINK ¤ WOODPECKER

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• "the woodpeckers - have characteristics - of their own !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "woodpeckers - often have a self-made - home - in a tree !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "they - and piculets - wrynecks - and sapsuckers - belong to the family - "Picidae"  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "woodpeckers are found worldwide - most species live in forests !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "suitable habitats include - woodlands - savannahs - scrublands - and bamboo forests !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "most species possess predominantly - white - black - brown - green - and red plumage !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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Woodpecker

Woodpecker

Woodpecker

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Colibri - Wikipedia EN: LINK ¤ COLIBRI

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• "the colibris - have characteristics - of their own !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "colibris - are often found in - tropical rainforests !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "colibris are colorful - with a glittering violet ear-patch - on the sides of its neck !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "its throat and chest - are a more glittering green - with a shining green belly !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "the green violetear - "Colibri thalassinus" - belongs to the family - "Hummingbird"  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "common habitats - are in the canopy and borders of - subtropical !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "and lower temperate forest - secondary woodland and scrub - clearings and gardens !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "the green violetear has been recorded - as attaining the greatest - flying speed !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "for a Hummingbird - having attained - 90 mph - 140 km/h !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Colibri

Colibri

Colibri

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Blue-and-Yellow Macaw - Wikipedia EN: LINK ¤ BLUE-AND-YELLOW MACAW

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• "the blue-and-yellow macaws - have characteristics - of their own !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "they are able to - speak - and to communicate - with men !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "the blue-and-yellow macaw - "Ara ararauna" - is a large parrot !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "they are vivid in appearance - with blue wings - and tail !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "dark blue chin - golden under parts - and a green forehead !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "they inhabit forest - and woodland - of tropical land !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "blue-and-yellow macaws - break nutshells - and also climb up !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

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• "and hang from trees - they are - intelligent - and social !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Blue-and-Yellow Macaw

Blue-and-Yellow Macaw

Blue-and-Yellow Macaw

 

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• "there are different - groups - that can vary significantly !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "if too egoistic - one should be careful !"

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• "here - also on this page - are only examined - constructive - farmlandbirds !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "an eagle - is not constructive - and most certainly - much too egoistic !"

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• "a little bit simplified - these are named - farmlandbirds !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "farmlandbirds are - feathered - winged - two-legged - warm-blooded !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "egg-laying vertebrates - they have digestive - and respiratory systems !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "that are uniquely adapted - for flight - many species annually - migrate great distances !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "and many perform shorter irregular movements - farmlandbirds are - social !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "communicating with - signals - calls - and songs !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "many social species - culturally transmit knowledge - across generations !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "farmlandbirds live - in most terrestrial habitats - and on all seven continents !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "the highest diversity - occurs in tropical regions - their skeleton - consists of !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "very lightweight bones - they have large air-filled cavities - which connect with the respiratory system !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "upon inhalation - 75% of the fresh air - bypasses the lungs - and flows directly into a posterior air sac !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "which extends from the lungs - and connects with air spaces in the bones - and fills them with air !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "thus - the lungs receive a constant supply of - fresh air - during both inhalation - and exhalation !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "the nervous system of farmlandbirds - is large - the most developed part of the brain !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "is the one - that controls the - flight-related functions - they are - tetrachromatic !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "possessing ultraviolet - UV sensitive cone cells in the eye - as well as green !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "red - and blue ones - this allows them to perceive - ultraviolet light !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "farmlandbirds have specialized - light-sensing cells - deep in their brains !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "that respond to light - without input from eyes - or other sensory neurons !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "feathers - facilitate flight - provide insulation - that aids in thermoregulation !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "and are used in - display - camouflage - and signaling - they have a - lightweight skeleton !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "two large flight muscles - as well as a modified - forelimb - wing - that serves as an aerofoil !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "they combine powered - flapping flight - with less energy-intensive - soaring flight !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "on the land - typically flight range - 2,500 km - 1,600 mi - and on shore - 4,000 km - 2,500 mi !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "for diurnal migrants - the sun is used - to navigate by day - and a stellar compass !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "is used at night - these are backed up - by the ability of some - to sense the Earth's geomagnetism !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "calls - and songs - are one means - by which farmlandbirds - communicate !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "the communication of them - can be very complex !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "farmlandbirds - show remarkable forms of - intelligence !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

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• "but much remains - mysterious !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"