Empathy
Empathy - Mark Honigsbaum: LINK ¤ the GUARDIAN
- US President Barack Obama: "the "empathy deficit" is a more pressing problem"
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- "than the federal deficit"
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- "although empathy has become something of a political buzzword"
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- "it is surprisingly difficult to define"
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- "the word first appeared, misspelled as "enpathy", in a 1909 lecture by the Cornell psychologist Edward Titchener"
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- "inspired by the German aesthetic term "Einfühlung""
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- "meaning "feeling into""
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- "Titchener compared empathy to an enlivening process whereby an art object evoked actual or incipient bodily movements"
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- "and accompanying emotions in the viewer"
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- "for empathy to become more like sympathy"
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- "it first had to transit from aesthetics to interpersonal psychology and the new brain sciences"
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- "the key shift came in 1992 when a group of Italian researchers observed neurons in macaque monkeys that fired both"
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- "when they picked up a raisin"
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- "and when they saw a person pick up a raisin"
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- "a few years later, similar "mirror neurons" were identified in humans"
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- "since then, neuroscience has greatly expanded our understanding of the "empathy circuit""
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- "the key brain regions appear to be the amygdala"
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- "which is involved in the regulation of emotional learning"
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- "and the reading of emotional expressions"
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- "another important area is the anterior insula (AI), which lights up in response both to one's own pain"
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- "and a loved one's pain"
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- "as well as to other emotional elicitors, such as disgusting tastes and images"
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- "perhaps the most important region of all is the medial prefrontal cortex (MPC)"
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- "a "hub" for social information processing, the MPC modulates self-awareness"
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- "and our awareness of other people's thoughts and feelings"
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- "these discoveries show that empathy is hard-wired. And that we are primed for morality"
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- "hence the writer Jeremy Rifkin's claim that these circuits are the source"
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- "of humanity's desire for intimate participation and companionship"
- "decades of scientific research show"
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- "that people are kinder to those they view as human beings"
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- "the reason is that, when we make the imaginative effort to step into the shoes of another person"
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- "and see things from their perspective"
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- "we become less capable of ignoring their suffering"
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- "brain imaging studies of Buddhists"
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- "who use meditation exercises to contemplate compassion on a daily basis"
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- "show increased activation of the amygdala"
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- "and other parts of the brain's empathy circuit"
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- "when we empathise oxytocin and other chemicals flood"
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- "the brain's pleasure centres"
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- "resulting in a "warm glow" effect"
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- "similar surges occur when people are asked to play economic exchange games designed"
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- "to elicit trust"
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- "according to neuroeconomists such as Paul Zak, this suggests"
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- "that empathy and trust are two sides of the same adaptive response"
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- "the idea being that our brains have evolved so that it literally feels good"
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- "to empathise and to trust people"
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EMPATHY - Wikipedia EN: LINK ¤ EMPATHY
- "Empathy is the capacity to recognize emotions"
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- "that are being experienced by another"
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- "sympathy or empathic concern is the feeling of compassion or concern for another"
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- "the wish to see them better off"
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Empathie - Wikipedia DE: LINK ¤ EMPATHIE
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- "der Begriff Empathie bezeichnet die Fähigkeit und Bereitschaft, Gedanken, Emotionen, Motive, Absichten und Persönlichkeitsmerkmale"
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- "eines anderen Menschen oder eines Tieres zu erkennen und zu verstehen"
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- "zur Empathie gehört auch die eigene Reaktion auf die Gefühle Anderer"
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- "wie zum Beispiel Mitleid, Trauer, Schmerz oder Hilfsimpuls"
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- "kognitive Empathie lässt uns erkennen, was ein anderer fühlt"
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- "emotionale Empathie lässt uns fühlen, was der andere fühlt"
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- "und das Mitleiden bringt uns dazu, dass wir dem anderen helfen wollen"
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- "Studien legen nahe, dass außer dem Menschen"
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- "viele Tiere empathisches motiviertes Verhalten zeigen"
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- "dazu gehören - neben Primaten"
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- "beispielsweise Raben, Mäuse und Ratten"
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- "es wird außerdem vermutet, dass Hunde empathisches Verhalten"
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- "sowohl untereinander als auch Menschen gegenüber zeigen"



empathy - 0432EM