MISSEDLINK

• "the gulf oil report - the principal challenge - in deepwater drilling !"

 

 

 

 

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• "was to drill a path - to the hydrocarbon-filled pay zone - in a manner !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "that simultaneously controlled - these enormous pressures - and avoided !"

 

 

 

 

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• "fracturing the geologic formation - in which the reservoir was found !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "it was a delicate balance - in the days leading up - to the final cementing process !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "BP engineers focused heavily - on the challenge !"

 

 

 

 

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• "the risk of fracturing the formation - and losing returns !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "John Guide explained - that losing returns - "was the No. 1 risk"  !"

 

 

 

 

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• "the BP team’s concerns - led them to place a number of significant constraints !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "on Halliburton’s cementing design - the first compromise in BP’s plan !"

 

 

 

 

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• "was to limit the circulation - of drilling mud - through the wellbore - before cementing !"

 

 

 

 

 

 

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• "BP circulated approximately - 350 barrels of mud - before cementing !"

 

 

 

 

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• "rather than the 2,760 barrels needed - to do a full bottoms up circulation !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "BP compromised again by deciding - to pump cement down the well !"

 

 

 

 

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• "at the relatively low rate - of 4 barrels - or less per minute !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "BP decided to reduce the risk - of lost returns - in exchange !"

 

 

 

 

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• "for a less-than-optimal - rate of cement flow !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "BP made a third compromise - by limiting the volume of cement - that Halliburton !"

 

 

 

 

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• "would pump down the well - more cement meant less risk - of contamination !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "and less risk - that the cement job - would be compromised - by slight errors in placement !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "finally - in close consultation with Halliburton - BP chose to use - "nitrogen foam cement"  !"

 

 

 

 

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• "this formula was chosen - to lighten the resulting slurry - from approximately 16.7 ppg - to 14.5 ppg !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "thereby reducing the pressure the cement - would exert on the fragile formation !"

 

 

 

 

 

 

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• "on February 10 - soon after the Deepwater Horizon - began work on the well !"

 

 

 

 

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• "Jesse Gagliano - asked Halliburton laboratory personnel - to run a series of "pilot tests"  !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "on the cement blend - stored on the Deepwater Horizon - that Halliburton planned to use at Macondo !"

 

 

 

 

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• "to the trained eye - that test showed - that the foam slurry design - was unstable !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "Halliburton personnel had also conducted - another foam stability test earlier !"

 

 

 

 

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• "the earlier test had been conducted - under slightly different conditions - than the later one !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "and had failed - more severely !"

 

 

 

 

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• "it appeared that Halliburton had not reported - the results - of the earlier test - to BP !"

 

 

 

 

 

 

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• "Halliburton - conducted another round of tests - in mid-April !"

 

 

 

 

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• "just before pumping - the final cement job !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "the laboratory personnel - conducted several tests - including a foam stability test !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "the first test - Halliburton conducted - showed once again !"

 

 

 

 

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• "that the cement slurry - would be unstable !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "Halliburton did not send - the results of the final test - to BP - until April 26 !"

 

 

 

 

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• "six days - after the blowout !"

 

 

 

 

 

 

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• "blowout preventer - the BOP - was designed !"

 

 

 

 

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• "to contain pressure - within the wellbore !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "and halted a uncontrolled flow - of hydrocarbons to the rig !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "the Deepwater Horizon’s - BOP - did not succeed !"

 

 

 

 

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• "in containing - the Macondo well !"

 

 

 

 

 

• "even so - the BOP’s automatic - mode function !"

 

 

 

 

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• "a system - that should had triggered - the blind shear ram !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "after the power - communication - and hydraulics connections - between the rig - and the BOP - were cut !"

 

 

 

 

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• "but this BOP system - failed too !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "post-incident testing - of the two redundant - "pods"  !"

 

 

 

 

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• "that controlled this BOP system - revealed - low battery charges - in one pod !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "and defective solenoid valves - in the other !"

 

 

 

 

 

 

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• "the Macondo blowout - was the product - of several individual missteps !"

 

 

 

 

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• "and oversights - by BP - Halliburton - and Transocean !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "which government regulators - lacked the authority !"

 

 

 

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• "the necessary resources - and the technical expertise to prevent !"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

the Gulf Oil Report - PDF: LINK ¤ the GULF OIL REPORT

Halliburton pleaded guilty to destroying Evidence - the Guardian: LINK ¤ the GUARDIAN

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• "Halliburton - had agreed - to plead guilty !"

 

 

 

 

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• "to destroying evidence - related to the 2010 - Gulf oil spill !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "Halliburton's guilty plea - was the third - by a company - over that spill !"

 

 

 

 

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• "and required the oilfield services company - to pay US$ 200,000 - statutory fine !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "during an internal probe - into the cementing - after the blowout !"

 

 

 

 

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• "Halliburton - ordered workers - to destroy computer simulations !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "( there had been a rupture - of the Macondo - oil well ! )"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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BP paid US$ 4.5bn Penalty - the Guardian: LINK ¤ the GUARDIAN

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• "BP - met its day of reckoning - in the Gulf oil - accident !"

 

 

 

 

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• "when the company - admitted guilt - on 14 criminal charges !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "and agreed to pay - a historic US$ 4.5bn - penalty !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "in connection with the explosion - of its rig - and the oil spill !"

 

 

 

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• "BP was still on the hook - for environmental charges !"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Halliburton vernichtete Beweise - der Standard: LINK ¤ der STANDARD

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• "Halliburton gestand - nach dem Öl-Unfall - im Jahr 2010 !"

 

 

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• "Beweise - vernichtet zu haben !"

 

 

 

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• "bei diesen Beweisen - handelte es sich um Ergebnisse - von Computersimulationen !"

 

 

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• "Halliburton - hatte Mitarbeiter beauftragt - Unterlagen zu entfernen - nach dem Unfall !"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Strafe gegen Transocean - der Standard: LINK ¤ der STANDARD

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• "das Bundesgericht - hatte eine wegen des Öl-Unfalls - im Golf von Mexiko !"

 

 

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• "im Jahr 2010 - verhängte Strafe !"

 

 

 

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• "gegen den Bohrinselbetreiber - Transocean - bestätigt !"

 

 

 

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• "der Betreiber der Bohrinsel - Deepwater Horizon - hatte darin !"

 

 

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• "eine Strafzahlung - in Höhe von 400 Millionen Dollar - akzeptiert !"

 

 

 

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• "Transocean betrieb die Bohrinsel - für BP !"

 

 

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• ""dieser sinnlose Unfall - hätte verhindert werden können" - erklärte das Justizministerium !"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Shell in Nigeria - Jeffrey Sachs: LINK ¤ der STANDARD

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• "das Verhalten von Shell - in Nigeria !"

 

 

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• "( enge Verbindungen zur Regierung - und die Bevölkerung - müsste viel mehr von den Einnahmen erhalten ! )"

 

 

 

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• "war ein Musterbeispiel dafür - wie es nicht sein sollte !"

 

 

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• "es war um Öl - im Nigerdelta gegangen ! - ( Öl ausgelaufen - Erdgas abgefackelt ! )"

 

 

 

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• "das Nigerdelta - ist ein ökologisch wichtiges Gebiet - aus Sumpfwäldern !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

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• "Mangroven - flachen Regenwäldern - und der Küste vorgelagerte Barriere-Inseln !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "dieses fruchtbare Gebiet - ermöglicht eine bemerkenswerte - biologische Vielfalt !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

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• "die Sanierung - wäre das bestmögliche Beispiel !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

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• "für ein Zeitalter - der Rechenschaftspflicht !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DEEPWATER HORIZON - Wikipedia EN: LINK ¤ DEEPWATER HORIZON