Ecuador
Ecuador under Rafael Correa - Fander Falconi: LINK ¤ the GUARDIAN
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- "under President Rafael Correa - Ecuador is developing !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "innovative economic alternatives - of its own !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "with no "neoliberal" recipes - of privatisation - structural adjustment - or "Washington consensus" !"
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- "Ecuador's transformation began - after the electoral victory of - President Rafael Correa !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "the economy of Ecuador - has grown by 4.3% - over five years !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "central to this - and to the reduction of unemployment - to the lowest rate in the region !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "is public investment - which is 14% !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "this is a key part - of moving its economy away from resources - and exports !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "to one - more based on - knowledge !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Ecuador has also reformed - and re-regulated - the banking system !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "expands the role of - co-operatives - and credit unions !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "and renegotiated agreements - with foreign companies !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "the Ecuadorian alternative model - for society !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "is based on the concept of - "good living" !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- ""buen vivir" - in Spanish - or "sumak kausay" - as it is in Quechua - the indigenous Andean language !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "rooted in the ancient societies - this looks to the future !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "in favour of a more complex - interrelation !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "of society - with state - market - and nature !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "incomes are redistributed - and poverty rapidly reduces !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
- "according to the UN - Ecuador cut inequality - as measured by the Gini coefficient !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "by more than any other country in the region - in five years !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "to do this - it has prioritised its population's rights - over commitments to the IMF - or the World Bank !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "so that Ecuador can repay - its debt - on just terms !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "meaning better health - education - social infrastructure - and public investment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "in five years Ecuador's external debt service - shrank from 24% - of the state budget !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "to only 4% - freeing up resources - to transform lives !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "in line with its values - of sustainable development !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Ecuador recognises - in the constitution - the rights of nature !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "it works to deepen regional integration - for sustainable development !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "aiming for a collective basis - to meet economic - and environmental challenges !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Ecuador does not want "free trade" - and shows how to increase - social equality !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "by putting the - human being - above capital !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "in innovative financial models - and in new conceptions !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "of "good living" - based on social - and environmental sustainability !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Ecuador - is at the heart - of this transformation !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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Instruments to reduce Poverty - the Guardian: LINK ¤ the GUARDIAN
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- "9% - of the people - in Ecuador !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "receive benefit - from the US$ 35 - monthly cash payment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "the voucher - is part of a broad package - of social spending !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "it is a free insurance policy - whose coverage !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "is expanded to include 100% - of poorer seniors !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "the voucher achieves its goal - of family assistance - by making it easier to buy food !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "this translates into - improved health - and education !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "because one of the preconditions - for receiving the cash payment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "is to provide proof of school attendance - and medical check-ups !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "the Ecuadorian government will be encouraged - by news that !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "income-related poverty rates - dropped dramatically !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "poverty - is reduced by 5% - last year !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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Ecuadorian Press - the Guardian: LINK ¤ the GUARDIAN
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- "President Rafael Correa said - for the direction - towards free speech !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "there needed to be more regulations - for the Ecuadorian media !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "private newspaper - radio - and TV owners - a handful of families !"
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- "they made things - in the name of freedom of speech - that were not !"
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- "many said the Ecuadorian administration - was carrying out !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "an overdue rebalancing - of the media !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "( in 2007 - there was only one - public media organisation - "Radio Nacional" ! )"
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- "those who worked in public media - said this regulations - have created !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "a far healthier media environment - because advertisers had less influence !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Rafael Correa - was the longest-serving president - in Ecuador in a century !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "US embassy cables - described him as the most popular president - Ecuador had ever had !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "without exception - everyone interviewed for this story - said !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Rafael Correa - was good for - Ecuador !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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Ecuador's Debt Renegotiation - US cable - 2007: LINK ¤ 07QUITO169
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- "economy minister Patino - said in a meeting with bondholders !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "that most of Ecuador's - external debt - was illegitimate !"
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- "resulted from loan programs - that did not achieve - intended results !"
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- "there should be a - 60 percent debt discount !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Ecuador - under the Correa administration - was more interested !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "in leveling society - protecting what they have !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "and allowing foreign companies - into Ecuador - on their terms !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
Price Controls - US cable - 2008: LINK ¤ 08QUITO897
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- "the Ecuadorian government - continued to intervene - in the market !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "to limit food price - inflation !"
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- "the Ecuadorian government - blamed speculation !"
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- "and instituted mandatory - price controls !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "to control the price - of milk !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "the administration of Rafael Correa - made a tax reform !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "taxes on capital outflows - unproductive lands !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "extraordinary income - and higher excise taxes - on a number of products !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "the tax - on capital outflows - was at 0.5% - per transaction !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "and there was a tax - on "unproductive land" !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "the tax approved by the assembly - was US$ 7.85 - per hectare !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
Correa meeting with USAID - US cable - 2008: LINK ¤ 08QUITO442
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- "President Rafael Correa - had a two hour meeting with - USAID - US aid agency !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "Correa asked pointed questions - clearly understood the approaches !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "and their economic - organizational - and political implications !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "the meeting offered an inside view - into Correa's very hands-on - and engaged style of management !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "and an example that many policy decisions - run through him personally !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "the Ecuadorian ministry of petroleum and mines - reported that it would close a deal !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "on eight - of fourteen petroleum contracts - with four oil companies !"
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- "that held production sharing agreements - Perenco !"
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- "Repsol YPF - Andes Petroleum - and Petrobras !"
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- "the Ecuadorian government did not accept - the World Bank's !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "international centre for settlement - of investment disputes !"
Repsol's revised Contract - US cable - 2008: LINK ¤ 08MADRID895
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- "Repsol YPF - accepted the deal !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "with revised contract terms - offered by Ecuador's President Correa - to foreign petroleum companies !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
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- "the contract changed - Repsol's role from production - for its own sale !"
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- "to that of a service provider - delivering to the Ecuadorian government !"
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- "on a fee basis - all of the petroleum - it extracted !"
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- "( Repsol - 4 percent - in Ecuador ! )"
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Unemployment Rate fell - US cable - 2008: LINK ¤ 08QUITO588_________________________________________
- "the Ecuadorian Central Bank - reported an unemployment rate - of 6.9% !"
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- "the Ecuadorian foreign ministry - presented a proposal - to forego development !"
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- "of oil fields - in the environmentally sensitive - "Yasuni Park" !"
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- "in exchange for - international compensation !"
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- "the Ecuadorian government - publicly criticized the US - human rights report !"
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- "challenging their competency - to judge human rights !"
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- "the EU has proposed - charging 230 Euro - per ton for bananas - imported from Latin America !"
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- "besides generating revenues - the tariff was intended to protect !"
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- "fruit production in - in Africa - the Caribbean - and Southeast Asia !"
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- "Latin American banana producers - had reached an agreement !"
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- "with the European Union - which would have reduced EU tariffs - on Latin bananas !"
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- "however - the EU withdrew the offer - wanted to pressure in - WTO negotiations !"
US Trade - US cable - 2005: LINK ¤ 05QUITO2852
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- "the US embassy had lobbied - for FTA negotiations - "free trade" agreement !"
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- "for example - Ecuador's barriers to trade - in agricultural products !"
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Minister of Trade - US cable - 2005: LINK ¤ 05QUITO943_________________________________________
- "Ecuador wished to delay negotiations - or put them on hold !"
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- "Ecuadorian products needed tariffs - because of subsidized US products !"
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- "indigenous leaders - were against liberal economy - of Gutierrez !"
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- "and against a - FTA with the US - "free trade" agreement !"
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- "Gutierrez had tried - division !"
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- "Ecuador's indigenous were regrouping - and confident !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
ECUADOR - Wikipedia EN: LINK ¤ ECUADOR
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- "Ecuador - officially the Republic of Ecuador - is a representative democratic republic !!!!!!!!!!!!"
ECUADOR - Wikipedia ES: LINK ¤ ECUADOR