Hyperloop





the EU Regulations for AI - the Guardian: LINK ¤ the GUARDIAN

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  • "Europe - is the first region in the world - with strong regulations for - AI !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "Artificial intelligence - to address some concerns - over the technology !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "the bill of the European Union - is a milestone - in regulating the technology - and AI tools !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "the act comes into force - in stages - with deadlines for compliance - over three years !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "the bill matters - outside Europe - because the EU is an - influential tech regulator !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "as shown by - GDPR’s impact - on the management of - people’s data !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "the AI act - does the same - many other countries are watching - what happens in the EU !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "the EU approach - can be used as a base - and likely some parts are copied !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "the AI act - has a detailed take - describing the AI technology - it regulates as a !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "machine-based system - designed to operate with varying levels - of autonomy !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "which obviously covers - tools like - ChatGPT - this system may show - "adaptiveness after deployment"  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "ie it learns on the job - and infers from the inputs it receives - how to generate outputs - such as predictions !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "content - recommendations - or decisions - that can influence physical - or virtual environments !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "this definition covers - chatbots - but also AI tools that - for instance - sift through job applications !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "the AI legislation of the EU - bans systems - that pose a - "unacceptable risk"  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "but it exempts AI tools - designed for - military - defence - or national security use !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "it also does not apply - to systems - designed for use in - scientific research - and innovation !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "the bill of the EU - tackles the risks - posed by AI - certain systems are - prohibited !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "these include systems - that seek to manipulate people - to cause harm - "social scoring"  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "systems that classify people - based on social behaviour - or personality - like the one in Rongcheng !"

 

 

 

 

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  • "residents’ behaviour - attempts at predictive policing - monitoring people’s emotions at work - "biometric categorisation" systems !"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "the use of - real-time biometric identification systems - which covers facial recognition technology !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "on live crowds - is banned - but allowed for law enforcement - in a number of circumstances !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "such as to find a missing person - but they need approval - from authorities !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "the AI act has a special category - for "high risk" systems - that are legal - but closely observed !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "included are systems used in - critical infrastructure - like water - gas - and electricity !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "or those deployed in areas like - education - employment - healthcare - and banking !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! - ( and certain law enforcement - justice - and border control systems ! )"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "the EU act requires - these tools - to be accurate - subject to risk assessments !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "have human oversight - and also have their usage logged - EU citizens - can also ask !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "for explanations - about decisions - made by these AI systems - that have affected them !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "generative AI systems - that produce plausible - text - image - video - and audio !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "from simple prompts - is covered by provisions - for what the act calls - “general-purpose” AI systems !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "there is a two-tiered approach - under the first tier - all model developers - need to comply !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "with EU copyright law - and provide detailed summaries - of the content - used to train the model !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "open-source models - which are freely available - to the public - unlike !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 


 

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  • ""closed" models - like ChatGPT’s - GPT-4 - are exempted from the - copyright requirement !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "a tougher tier - is reserved for models - that pose a - "systemic risk" - based on an assessment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "of their more human-like - "intelligence" - and is expected to include - chatbots - and image generators !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "the measures for this tier - include reporting - serious incidents - caused by the models !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "such as breach of - fundamental rights - and conducting - "adversarial testing"  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! - ( where experts - attempt to bypass a - model’s safeguards ! )"

 

 


 

 

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  • "people - companies - or public bodies - that issue - deepfakes !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 


 

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  • "have to disclose - whether the content - has been artificially generated - or manipulated !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "text - produced by chatbots - that informs the public on - matters of public interest !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "needs to be flagged - as AI-made - developers of AI systems - also need to ensure !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "that their output - can be detected as AI-made - by watermarking - or otherwise flagging the material !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "the EU wants a - safe - secure - and responsible development !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "of AI technology - with limits for - big tech companies !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "the punishments - under the act - fines range from - €7.5m or - 1.5% !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "of a company’s - total worldwide turnover - whichever is higher !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "for giving - incorrect information - to regulators - to €15m or - 3% - of worldwide turnover !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "for breaching certain provisions - of the act - such as transparency obligations - to €35m or - 7% !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "of turnover - for deploying - or developing - banned AI tools !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "and there are more proportionate fines - for smaller companies - and startups !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "there also is a new - European AI office - that sets standards !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 


 

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  • "and is the main - oversight body - for GPAI models !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

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Hyperloop - Missed Link:

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  • - in Europe - the first railways had been built - in the middle of the 19th century !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

 

 

 

 

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  • - at first they were private - when the high hopes - did not came true !

 

 

 

 

 

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  • - the states were forced - to make the railways - public !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

 

 

 

 

 

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  • - we should make it better - and look at the public goals - that should be achieved !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

 

 

 

 

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  • - maybe for the Hyperloop - it is a combination of both - or 50% public ownership !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

 

 

 

 

 

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  • - because some possible routes - like motor-highways - railways - are state-owned !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

 

 

 

 

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  • - this transportation system is a public good - and should be at least partly managed - as one !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

 

 

 

 

 

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  • - different systems should be developed - to see what Hyperloop systems - are better ?!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

 

 

 

 

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  • - it is mainly long-distance traffic - but needs connections - to the local traffic !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

 

 

 

 

 

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  • - the energy efficiency - of the Hyperloop - is just incomprehensible !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

 

 

 

 

 

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  • - because the current concepts - are very conclusive !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

 

 

 

 

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  • - we should consider to use these transportation system - instead of planes !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

 

 

 

 

 

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  • - and some parts of the existing motor-highways - and railways - can be available to this new system !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

 

 

 

 

 

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  • - the transition from the vacuum tube - to the railway station - is a technical challenge !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

 

 

 

 

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  • - but it is also important - how this public space - is designed !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

 

 

 

 

 

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  • - to become visited with pleasure - with enough space - and Internet !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

 

 

 

 

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  • - it can be designed very modern - but with not too much shops !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

 

 

 

 

 

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  • - the pillars made of concrete - every 30 meters - could be replaced by lighter structures !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

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what you need to know about Hyperloop - Engadget: LINK ¤ ENGADGET

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  • "Hyperloop is an alternative to flight - from one city - to another city !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "like pushing people around like parcels - in a mail tube !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "a series of vacuum tubes - that enable travelers - to get from A to B - in minutes !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "Hyperloop is big enough - to shoot people cross-country - at amazing speeds !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "first the tube is six feet wide - and is maintained as a low-pressure environment !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "in order to prevent the passenger pod - from touching the tube !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "it floats slightly above it - either on a cushion of air - or using magnetic levitation !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "Hyperloop does not have to deal - with much air resistance - top speeds are high !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "it is expected to hit 750 mph - more than the Central Japan Railway's record-breaking - 366 mph speed run !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "a network of Hyperloop tubes - in a country - effectively eliminates the domestic short-haul airlines !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "a flight - which takes an hour and 15 minutes - plus the time spent at security - the gate - and baggage claim !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "that same journey with Hyperloop - is expected to take just - half an hour !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "two players emerged - ready for the challenge !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "Hyperloop Transportation Technologies - and Hyperloop Technologies !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "the town of Quay Valley - signed a deal with HTT - to host a five-mile !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "test loop - that will encircle the community !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 


 

 

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  • "to convey residents - from one end of the city - to the other - in just 80 seconds !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

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Hyperloop Transportation - TechCrunch: LINK ¤ TECHCRUNCH

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  • "the HTT company aims to create a system - traveling faster !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "than the speed of sound - at a potential 760 mph !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "and a lower construction cost - than railway projects !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "questions that need to be addressed are - how this type of rapid acceleration - might affect the human body ?!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "deceleration techniques - and how to manage traffic ?!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "and how is the partnership - with cities - and county governments ?!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "who have to allow construction - of the structures ?!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 



 

 

 

 

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what is a Hyperloop ? - HTT: LINK ¤ H T T

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  • "Hyperloop is a completely self sufficient - transportation system !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "solar panels placed along the track - produce excess amounts !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "of the energy - that is actually required - to run the system !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "the climate controlled capsule - travels inside of a reinforced - "tube" pathway"  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "weather independent - and safe - thanks to the use of pylons !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "incorporating reduced-pressure tubes - in which pressurized capsules ride on an air cushion - driven by linear induction motors and air compressors !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "it sends specially designed "capsules" - or "pods" - through a continuous steel tube - maintained at a partial vacuum !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "each capsule floats on a 0.5-to-1.3-millimetre layer of air - provided under pressure to air-caster "skis"  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "thus avoiding the use of maglev - while still allowing for very high speeds !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "linear induction motors located along the tube - accelerate and decelerate the capsule - to the appropriate speed for each section of the tube route !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "with rolling resistance eliminated - and air resistance greatly reduced - the capsules are theorized to be able to glide for the bulk of the journey !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "the construction costs are low - because the routes are publicly-owned !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "it utilizes existing infrastructure - thanks to the use of these pylons !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "and therefore it has - affordable fares !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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HYPERLOOP - Wikipedia EN: LINK ¤ HYPERLOOP

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  • "the Hyperloop is a high-speed - transportation system !!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

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