MISSEDLINK

Internet Communication - Spiegel online: LINK ¤ SPIEGEL ONLINE

_________________________________________

 

• "encrypted Internet communication - is the use of mathematics !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "to protect communications - from spying !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "but not all technologies lived up - to what they promised - like Skype !"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "documents from the NSA - described virtual private networks - VPN !"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "1,000 requests an hour - of VPN connections !"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "VPN was often used - by companies and institutions - operating from multiple offices - and locations !"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "the documents described - the Internet Protocol Security - Ipsec !"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "and the Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol - PPTP !"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "the documents described - https connections - 10 million !"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "and SSL connections - billions - for one week !"

 

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "the documents described - five levels !"

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "a document's path - through the Internet - was classified as "trivial" - by them !"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "Facebook chats - were considered a "minor" task - for them !"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "the documents described - the fourth level - troublesome for them !"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• ""major" problems - for messages sent - through heavily encrypted - email service providers !"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "like "Zoho" - or the users of the - "Tor" network !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "Tor - otherwise known as the "Onion Router" - is free and open source software !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "that allows users - to surf the web - through a network - of more than 6,000 linked - volunteer computers !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "its software automatically - encrypts data - in a way - that ensures !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "that no single computer - in the network - has all of a user's - information !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "the documents described - "major" problems - for them !"

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "with "Truecrypt" - a program for encrypting files - on computers !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "and a protocol called - "Off-the-Record" - OTR !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "for encrypting - instant messaging !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! - ( used by - Edward Snowden !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! )"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "both are programs - whose source code - can be viewed !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "modified - shared - and used - by anyone !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "experts agree - that open source software programs - are far more secure !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "than a closed system - of a company - like Microsoft !"

 

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "the documents described - "catastrophic" - for them !"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "at level five - when a subject uses - a combination !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "of "Tor" - the instant messaging system - "CSpace"  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "or a system for Internet telephony - voice over IP - called "ZRTP"  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "( a document described - "this type of combination resulted - in a "near-total loss" - for them"  ! )"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "ZRTP - which is used to securely encrypt - conversations !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "and text chats - on mobile phones !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "is used in free - and open source programs - like "RedPhone" - and "Signal"  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "the "Z" - in "ZRTP" - stands for one of its developers - Phil Zimmermann !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "the same man who created - PGP - "Pretty Good Privacy"  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "which is still - the best - and the most common !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "encryption program - for emails - and documents - in use today !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "Phil Zimmermann wrote PGP - in 1991 - but it remains too robust for them - to crack !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "( a document described - "no decrypt was available - for PGP - encrypted messages"  ! )"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "PGP continues - to be developed - and various versions - are available today !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "one widely used is - "GNU Privacy Guard" - GnuPG !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "a document described - "that they used - "PGP" - themselves"  !"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cellphone Networks - the Intercept: LINK ¤ the INTERCEPT

_________________________________________

 

• "documents from the NSA - described cellphone networks !"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "70 percent - of cellphone networks worldwide ! - ( 701 - of 985 ! )"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "the documents described - "Auroragold"  !"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "cellphone network operators - confidential company planning papers !"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "they tried to find - security weaknesses - in cellphone technology !"

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "and they looked at - upgrades - in encryption technology !"

 

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "the documents described - 1,201 email - "selectors"  !"

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "internal company details - from employees !"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "the documents described - the GSM Association - or the GSMA !"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "800 cellphone - software - and Internet companies !"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "like Sony - Nokia - Samsung - Ericsson - and Vodafone !"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "as well as Verizon - AT&T - Microsoft - and Facebook !"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "the documents described - technical documents !"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "circulated among the - GSMA’s members - known as - "IR.21s"  !"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "an IR.21 - contained information - a document described !"

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "they searched for - security vulnerabilities - in the communication systems !"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

two Memos - Washington Post: LINK ¤ WASHINGTON POST

_________________________________________

 

• "two memos were released - written by then-assistant attorney general - Jack Goldsmith !"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "he concluded only that - when the USA had been thrust - into an armed conflict !"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "and the president - determined in his role - as commander in chief !"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "he would had inherent - constitutional authority - to order - US warrantless wiretapping !"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "it had been the program - code-named "Stellar Wind" - communications on US soil !"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "these memos showed - that lawyers had not been able !"

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "to put the program - on sound legal footing !"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

no Mass Surveillance - the Guardian: LINK ¤ the GUARDIAN

_________________________________________

 

• "secret - massive - and indiscriminate surveillance - cannot be justified !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "the most senior - human rights official in Europe - concludes !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "Nils Muižnieks - the commissioner for human rights - at the Council of Europe !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "who has the power - to intervene as a third party !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "in cases - sent to the European court of human rights - ECHR - in Strasbourg !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "calls for greater transparency - and stronger democratic oversight !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "suspicionless mass retention - of communications data - is fundamentally contrary - to the rule of law !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "states - should not resort to it - or impose compulsory retention of data - by third parties !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "secret - massive - and indiscriminate - surveillance programmes !"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "are not in conformity - with European human rights law !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "and cannot be justified - by national security !"

 

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "such interferences - could only be accepted - if they are strictly necessary !"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "and proportionate - to a legitimate aim !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "our right to privacy - must not be compromised !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "and democratic oversight - needs to be more robust !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "no states - European or otherwise - should access data - stored in another country !"

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "without the express consent - of the other country - or countries - involved !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

_________________________________________

• "and we need a clear - explicit - and sufficiently circumscribed - legal basis - in international law !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

COMMUNICATION - Wikipedia EN: LINK ¤ COMMUNICATION