Nicaragua





Nicaragua Report - BBC: LINK ¤ B B C

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  • "Nicaragua's physical geography - divides it into three major zones - Pacific lowlands !!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "wet, cooler central highlands - and the Caribbean lowlands - with wildlife-rich rainforests !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "under the Somoza family - in the mid-20th century - who had been backed by the US !"

 

 

 

 

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  • "agricultural exports had benefited only few companies - and few families of Spanish descent !"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "in reaction to it the Sandinistas then began - since 1979 !!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "redistributing property - and made huge progress in the spheres of health - and education !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "but the US had launched a campaign of embargo - in the 1980s !"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "since 2007 the ruling party FSLN - Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "is working more - for the people !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "but Daniel Ortega - and his wife - were too egocentric !"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "the 2010s bring some economic growth - lower inflation - and lower unemployment !!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "but there needs to be more - social justice !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 


 

 

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  • "and sustainable development - for all !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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US Interests - US cable - 2005: LINK ¤ 07MANAGUA357

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  • "the US had wanted in 2005 from the Nicaraguan government - sound macro-economic policies - free floating currency !"

 

 

 

 

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  • "no restrictions on the repatriation - of profit - for foreign companies !"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "an IMF agreement - CAFTA - "free trade" deal !"

 


 

 

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  • "and a significant role for the private sector - in the energy - and telecom sectors !"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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US Trade - US cable - 2004: LINK ¤ 06MANAGUA2474

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  • "in 2003 the Nicaraguan government had implemented a package - of tariff reductions !"

 

 

 

 

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  • "in 2005 the Nicaraguan government had reduced tariffs - and non-tariff barriers !"

 

 


 

 

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  • "in 2006 under CAFTA - 80% of US goods - would enter Nicaragua duty-free !"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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US Trade - US cable - 2007: LINK ¤ 07MANAGUA839

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  • "in 2007 US assistant secretary Sullivan - had the wish !"

 

 

 

 

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  • "of - "total economic engagement"  !"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "the US had wanted open markets - improved business climate - and integrated all economic tools !"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "the new FSLN Nicaraguan government answered: - "these programs - and approaches !!!!!!!!!!!!""

 

 

 

 

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  • "were not delivering sufficient - poverty relief !!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • ""real democracy" - comes only after social - and economic change !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "and is better instituted through - citizens councils !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Elections Report - US cable - 2007: LINK ¤ 07MANAGUA875

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  • "the EU elections report highlighted - US "external interference"  !"

 

 

 

 

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  • "as a negative factor - affecting the electoral campaign - in 2007 !"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "this interference came from - US government officials !"

 


 

 

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  • "had been against the FSLN presidential candidate - and in favour of the ALN candidate !"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Nicaragua retires Foreign Debt - US cable - 2007: LINK ¤ 07MANAGUA2564

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  • "in 2007 the new FSLN Nicaraguan government - announced the successful completion !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "of its foreign commercial debt - buy-back operation !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "allowing it to retire US$ 1.4 billion - in foreign debt !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "this buy back permits Nicaragua to operate freely - in the international financial market !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Zero Hunger - US cable - 2007: LINK ¤ 07MANAGUA1783

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  • "in 2007 the new FSLN Nicaraguan government - announces "Zero Hunger"  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "the program "Hambre Cero" - will benefit 75,000 peasant families !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "over five years - with a total cost of US$ 150 million !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "each participating family will receive an allotment of goods - and services - valued at US$ 2,000 !!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "including US$ 1,500 worth of goods - and US$ 500 worth of technical assistance - and administrative costs !!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "a standard allotment consists of one cow - one pig - five chickens - one rooster - and tree plants !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "seeds - fruit - a biodigestor - and access to revolving credit !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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FSLN Strategy - US cable - 2007: LINK ¤ 07MANAGUA1621

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  • "the strategies of the FSLN party are - direct democracy !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "people should be the protagonist - of the political process !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "autonomy of economic management - establishing credit programs - ensuring security of supplies !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "and providing access to property for the masses - while respecting property rights !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "economic development and energy - improvement of Nicaragua's energy system !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "public health and education - making Nicaragua's health and education systems - truly universal !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 


 

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  • "regional integration - participation in the Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas - ALBA !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Cooperation - US cable - 2007: LINK ¤ 07MANAGUA725

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  • "the regional cooperation agreement - is in opposition to competition - and to free trade !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "both governments reaffirm their decision - to move forward along the path of - integrated economic development !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "to reduce structural problems - such as poverty !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "illiteracy - unemployment - and social exclusion !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "the governments recognize that to achieve integrated - and sustainable development !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "it is vital for both countries - to promote the organization !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "and direct participation - of their people !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "elevating the level of educational - and productive training - to progressively achieve !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "sustainable - social - cultural - and economic well-being !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Cooperation on Agriculture - US cable - 2007: LINK ¤ 07MANAGUA646

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  • "the regional agreement on cooperation on agriculture - takes into account !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "established social - and economic development priorities !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "promotes exchanges between agricultural producers - cooperatives - technicians - scientists !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "and experts - who provide consulting services and studies !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "prepares and executes specific projects - and programs in matters !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "relating to the agricultural sector - and rural sustainable development !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "joint and coordinated undertaking - of research projects and programs !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "and development technologies - in particular those academies !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "institutes - and other research centers - that are linked to the agricultural sector !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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US Trade - US cable - 2005: LINK ¤ 07MANAGUA2497

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  • "in 2005 the CAFTA - "free trade" deal - should establish a predictable !"

 

 

 

 

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  • "legal framework - for US investors - operated in Nicaragua !"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "investment should be protected - including enterprises - debt - concessions - contracts - and intellectual property !"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "investors should enjoy the right to establish - acquire - and operate investments in Nicaragua !"

 


 

 

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  • "on an equal footing - with local investors !"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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CAFTA - US cable - 2004: LINK ¤ 06MANAGUA2065

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  • "in 2004 there were 25 wholly or partly owned subsidiaries - of US companies - operated in Nicaragua !"

 

 

 

 

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  • "in energy - financial services - manufacturing - and fisheries !"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Catholic Church Leader on Human Rights - US cable - 2007: LINK ¤ 07MANAGUA1904

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  • "Monsignor Hombach expressed his regret - that the US !!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "had missed an opportunity - to demonstrate leadership - on human rights !"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "by not acting on behalf of the victims - in the Nemagon case !"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "Nicaraguan banana workers - employed by a US company - had been exposed to a pesticide !"

 


 

 

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  • "that had been banned - by the Environmental Protection Agency - in 1979 !!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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US Peanut Subsidies - US cable - 2007: LINK ¤ 07MANAGUA197

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  • "the US peanut subsidies - peanut marketing assistance - loan payments !"

 

 

 

 

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  • "direct payments - and counter-cyclical payments !"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "were distorting the - global marketplace !"

 

 

 

 

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  • "and disrupting the relationship - between the US - and Nicaraguan economies !"

 

 

 

 

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  • "( e.g. Nicaraguan export sales - and profitability ! )"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Miguel d'Escoto Brockman - US cable - 2007: LINK ¤ 08MANAGUA451

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  • "the program of d'Escoto Brockman - for the candidacy !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "for the presidency - of the "United Nations General Assembly"  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "is recovery of multilateralism - with the most absolute respect - for the UN Charter !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "as the only way to approach - and resolve problems - within a democratic - and transparent process !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "a greater and more effective relationship - between the General Assembly - and the Institutions of "Bretton Woods"  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "for the benefit of equitable - and sustainable !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "economic development - against poverty !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "contribute to building awareness - about the social-economic implications !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "of climate - protection !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "strengthen and promote - climate protection !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "strengthen and promote - human rights defense !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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  • "including the right to life - the right to development !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "and the right of women - to integration - in all development plans !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

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  • "strengthen and promote - environmental protection !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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NICARAGUA - Wikipedia EN: LINK ¤ NICARAGUA

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  • "Nicaragua is officially called the - Republic of Nicaragua !!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

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NICARAGUA - Wikipedia ES: LINK ¤ NICARAGUA
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