MISSEDLINK

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• "documents from the NSA - described encrypted Internet data !"

 

 

 

 

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• "much of the simpler encryption - that guards commerce - and banking systems !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "sensitive data - like trade secrets - and medical records !"

 

 

 

 

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• "and automatically secures - the e-mails !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "Web searches - Internet chats - and phone calls !"

 

 

 

 

 

 

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• "the documents described - protected information !"

 

 

 

 

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• "as among its most closely guarded secrets - restricted to those !"

 

 

 

 

 

• "cleared for a highly classified program - code-named "Bullrun"  !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "the documents described - a clandestine campaign !"

 

 

 

 

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• "billions of dollars - on encryption tools !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "custom-built computers - against codes !"

 

 

 

 

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• "and collaborated with - technology companies ! - ( back door ! )"

 

 

 

 

 

 

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• "in some cases - companies said they - had to collaborate !"

 

 

 

 

• "their master encryption keys - or a back door !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "or they tried to influence - the international encryption standards ! - ( followed by hardware - and software developers ! )"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "the documents described - a multipronged effort !"

 

 

 

 

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• "on widely used Internet - encryption technologies !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "the documents described - in detail - efforts !"

 

 

 

 

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• "on encrypted Internet data - including Secure Sockets Layer - or SSL !"

 

 

 

 

 

• "virtual private networks - or VPNs !"

 

 

 

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• "and the protection - used on fourth-generation - or 4G - smartphones !"

 

 

 

 

 

 

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• "because strong encryption - is so effective !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

 

 

 

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• "a classified document described - depended on Internet companies !"

 

 

 

 

 

• "at first they tried to get - voluntary collaboration !"

 

 

 

 

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• "then forced - with court orders !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "if this did not work - they took the encryption key ! - ( altered software - or hardware ! )"

 

 

 

 

 

 

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• "the documents described - US$ 250 million - on "sigint enabling project"  !"

 

 

 

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• "which engaged the - IT companies !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "covertly influenced the design - of a commercial product !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "the documents described - the goal - in a budget !"

 

 

 

 

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• "influenced policies - standards !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "and specifications - for commercial public key technologies !"

 

 

 

 

 

 

• "Matthew D. Green - a cryptography researcher at Johns Hopkins University - said !"

 

 

 

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• "the risk was - that if built a back door - into a system !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "you would not be - the only one !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "( that could also be used - by a foreign actor ! )"

 

 

 

• "(( an intelligence official - asked not to publish - this article ! ))"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Online Protocols - the Guardian: LINK ¤ the GUARDIAN

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• "documents from the NSA - described capabilities !"

 

 

 

 

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• "on widely used - online protocols !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "such as HTTPS - voice-over-IP - and Secure Sockets Layer - SSL !"

 

 

 

 

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• "used to protect - online shopping - and banking !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "partnerships with companies - and modified products !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "the documents described - analysts !"

 

 

 

 

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• "two facts must be - top secret !"

 

 

 

 

 

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• "modifications - to commercial encryption - software !"

 

 

 

 

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• "and altered - devices !"

 

 

 

 

 

• "the documents were scattered - with warnings over the importance - of absolute secrecy !"

 

 

 

 

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• "around decryption - capabilities !"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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ENCRYPTION - Wikipedia EN: LINK ¤ ENCRYPTION

• "in symmetric-key schemes - the encryption and decryption keys - are the same !!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

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• "communicating parties - must have the same key - in order to achieve secure communication !!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

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• "in public-key schemes - the encryption key - is published for anyone to use !!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

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• "and encrypt messages - however - only the receiving party !!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

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• "has access to the decryption key - that enables messages to be read !!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

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• "Verschlüsselung ist die von einem Schlüssel - abhängige Umwandlung von einem "Klartext"  !!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

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• "in einen "Geheimtext" - so dass der Klartext aus dem Geheimtext - nur unter Verwendung !!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

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• "eines geheimen Schlüssels - wiedergewonnen werden kann !!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

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• "Verschlüsselung dient zur - Geheimhaltung von Nachrichten - beispielsweise um Daten !!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

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• "gegen unbefugten Zugriff abzusichern - oder um Nachrichten - vertraulich zu übermitteln !!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

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• "symmetrische Verschlüsselungsverfahren - verwenden zur Ver- und Entschlüsselung - den gleichen Schlüssel !!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

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• "diese werden - vor Beginn der Kommunikation - sicher ausgetauscht !!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

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• "bei der asymmetrischen Verschlüsselung - wird zur Verschlüsselung - ein völlig anderer Schlüssel !!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

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• "als zur Entschlüsselung benutzt - es gibt einen "öffentlichen Schlüssel"  !!!!!!!!!!!!"

 

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• "der zum Verschlüsseln benutzt wird - und den "privaten Schlüssel" - zum Entschlüsseln des Geheimtextes !!!!!!!!!!!!"